Power grid reliability and fault detection using Artificial Intelligence

Extreme natural hazards, climate change, and human-caused disruptions are making it harder to keep electric power systems reliable and resilient worldwide. This article reviews and analyzes how well power systems perform during events like cyclones, floods, heat waves, earthquakes, and intentional attacks. It brings together ideas about resource adequacy, operational reliability, and resilience to see how power systems handle disruptions, adapt to new risks, and recover after major events. Drawing on international research, disaster case studies, and experiences from regions prone to hazards, the study examines weaknesses in generation, transmission, and distribution networks, with a focus on how extreme events, especially, affect distribution systems and customer service. The article also reviews engineering, operational, and institutional strategies, such as grid hardening, decentralized energy resources, microgrids, underground cables, GIS and SCADA decision-support systems, emergency response, and governance, that can help strengthen systems and speed recovery. It pays special attention to how climate change increases risks and why resilience should be part of long-term planning and investment in the power sector. The article concludes by highlighting research gaps and policy needs, calling for a shift from traditional reliability planning to a broader resilience-based approach that prepares for rare but severe events and supports a secure, reliable electricity supply in a world of growing risks.