Resource utilization challenges and their influence on students’ engagement in technology and livelihood education: Basis for an intervention program

This study determined the extent of resource utilization challenges in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) instruction and the level of students’ engagement across learning areas as perceived by teachers in Malilipot District. It specifically examined challenges in terms of availability of tools and equipment, accessibility of learning resources, and adequacy of instructional facilities. It also assessed students’ engagement in terms of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. The study further tested the relationship between resource utilization challenges and students’ engagement in TLE and proposed an intervention program to improve learning outcomes.
A descriptive-correlational research design was employed involving TLE teachers from public secondary schools in Malilipot District during School Year 2025–2026. Results revealed that resource utilization challenges were generally extremely challenging, with adequacy of instructional facilities as the most critical concern, followed by accessibility of learning resources and availability of tools and equipment. Students’ engagement was generally sometimes engaged, with behavioral engagement rated higher than emotional and cognitive engagement. 
The study concludes that resource constraints significantly affect students’ engagement in TLE, particularly when access to tools and learning materials is limited. It also concludes that students demonstrate higher behavioral participation than emotional and cognitive involvement. In response, the Resource Enhancement and Student Engagement Development Program (RESEDP) was proposed to improve resource availability, accessibility, and instructional support systems, strengthen teacher capacity, and enhance student engagement. The program aims to promote more effective, engaging, and competency-based TLE instruction in public secondary schools.