Understanding sibling experiences in autism spectrum disorder families: The role of disability severity and gender

This article explores the adjustment experiences of siblings living with a brother or sister with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on how the autistic child's characteristics influence the sibling relationship. Derived from a comprehensive doctoral study, this analysis centers on three key areas: the general effect of ASD on sibling adjustment, how this adjustment varies with the severity of autism, and the role of sibling gender in this dynamic. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 52 siblings and their parents using tailored scales and in-depth case studies. Findings indicate that while a majority of siblings report low levels of adjustment difficulties, those with siblings in the severe ASD category face more challenges, particularly in the social domain. Furthermore, a clear gender dynamic emerged, with female siblings demonstrating significantly higher levels of adjustment and nurturing compared to their male counterparts. The study underscores the need for targeted support programs that consider the severity of autism and the gender of the typically developing sibling to foster resilient and positive family ecosystems.